Indian Penal Code 1860 – Section 420 – To establish the offence of cheating in inducing the delivery of property, the following ingredients need to be proved: (i) The representation made by the person was false. (ii) The accused had prior knowledge that the representation he made was false. (iii) The accused made false representation with dishonest intention in order to deceive the person to whom it was made. (iv) The act where the accused induced the person to deliver the property or to perform or to abstain from any act which the person would have not done or had otherwise committed.- Referred to in Vijay Kumar Ghai v. State of W.B
Indian Penal Code 1860 – Section 120B -In order to constitute a conspiracy, meeting of minds of two or more persons to do an illegal act or an act by illegal means is a must. In other words, it is sine qua non for invoking the plea of conspiracy against the accused. However, it is not necessary that all the conspirators must know each and every detail of the conspiracy which is being hatched and nor is it necessary to prove their active part/role in such meeting.- Sections when put into a chargesheet, cannot be based on bald assertions of connivance, there must be a substance- Referred to Bilal Hajar v. State (2019) 17 SCC 451. (Para 12)
Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 – Section 197 –Scope and ambit discussed – Referred to Manohar Nath Kaul v. State of Jammu & Kashmir (1983) 3 SCC 429 ; Shambhoo Nath Misra v. State of U.P (1997) 5 SCC 326 ; in A. Sreenivasa Reddy v. Rakesh Sharma (2023) 8 SCC 711. (Para 10)