A fundamental right under Article 21 can be enforced even against persons other than the State or its instrumentalities. Article 21 right is available not only to citizens but to all persons. This Court has interpreted ‘the right to life’ to include, (i) livelihood; (ii) all those aspects of life which go to make a …
In Abdul Rehman Antulay Vs. R S Nayak [ [1991) SUPP. 3 S. C.R. 325, 1991 (2) SCALE 1273 :: AIR 1992 SC 1701 :: (1992) 1 SCC 225 ] the Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court observed as follows: 1. Fair, just and reasonable procedure implicit in Article 21 of the Constitution creates a right …
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The Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in Kaushal Kishore vs State of Uttar Pradesh unanimously held that “a fundamental right under Article 19/21 can be enforced even against persons other than the State or its instrumentalities”. The court also observed as follows: The rights conferred by Articles 15(2)(a) and (b), 17, 20(2), 21, 23, …
In Kaushal Kishore vs. State of UP, the Supreme Court held that a fundamental right under Article 19/21 can be enforced even against persons other than the State or its instrumentalities.
Hans Muller Of Nurenburg vs Superintendent, Presidency Jail 1955 AIR 367, 1955 SCR (1)1284 : Article 21 guarantees the protection of personal liberty to citizen and foreigner alike. No person can be deprived of his personal liberty “except according to procedure established by law”, Louis De Raedt v. Union of India [1991] 3 SCC 554 : The fundamental right of the foreigner …